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Tuberculosis

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Template:Infobox medical condition (new)Bolwetši bja mafahla (TB) ke bolwetši bja go fetela bjo gantši bo tlholwago ke pakteria ya Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) bacteria. Bolwetši bja mafahla gantši bo ama maswafo, gape bo ka ama ditho tše dingwe tša mmele. Diphetedi tše dintši ga di na maswao, tšeo di tsebjago ka la bolwetši bja mafahla bja latent. Palo ya 10% ya diphetedi tša latent di tšwelapele go phetedi ya mafolofolo, yeo, ge a ka tlogelwa e sa alafiwa, e ka bolaya seripa sa palo ya bao ba amegilego. Dišupo tša klasiki tša TB ya mafolofolo ke segohlolo sa go ba le mamina a go hlakana le madi, letadi, go ela dithitho bošego, le go fokotšega mmele Kgale e be e bitšwa "tirišo/consumption" ka lebaka la go fokotšega ga mmele. Phetelo ya ditho tše dingwe e ka baka mehuta e mentši ya dišupo.

Bolwetši bja mafahla bo phatlalala ka moya ge batho bao ba nago le TB ya mafolofolo mafahleng a bona ba gohlola, ba tshwa mare, ba bolela goba go ethimola. Batho ba go ba le TB ya latent ga ba phatlalatše bolwetši. Phetetši ya mafolofolo e direga gantši go batho bao ba nago le HIV/AIDS gape le go bao ba folago. Phekolo ya TB ya mafolofolo e theilwe godimo ga di-X-ray tša kgara, gammogo le ditlhahlobo tša microscopic le setšo sa diela tša mmele. Phekolo ya TB ya latent e itshepetše go teko ya letlalo ya tuberculin (TST) goba diteko tša madi.

Thibelo ya TB e ama go sekirina bao ba lego kotsing e kgolo, tekolo ya ka pela le dikgetsi tša kalafi, le kenti/vaccination le kenti ya bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG). Bao ba le go kotsing e kgolo ba akaretša batho ka gae, mošomong le dikgokaganyo tša selegae tša batho bao ba phelago ka TB. Phekolo e hloka tirišo ya diantibiotiki tše dintši sebaka se se telele Kganano ya diantibioki ke bothata bjo bo golo kudu bjo bo golago ka e kgolo ya multiple drug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) le extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB).

Go fihla ka 2018 kotara e tee ya batho ba mo lefaseng e fetetšwe ke TB. Diphetelo tše mpsha di tšwelela go batho ba 1% ngwaga o mongwe le o mongwe. Ka 2017, go bile le dikgetsi tša go feta 10 million tša TB ya mafolofolo tšeo di lebišitšego go mahu a 1.6 million. Se se e dira gore ebe palo ya pele ya tlholego ya mahu a malwetši a phetelo. Palo ya go feta 95% ya mahu e diregile go go dinaga tše di tšwetšego pele, gape palo ya go feta 50%  e ka India, Tšhaena, Indonesia, Pakistan, le Philippines. Palo ya dikgetsi tše mpsha ngwaga o mongwe le o mongwe e fokotšegile go tloga ka 2000. Palo ya go lekana le 80% ya batho ba ba ntši ba ka dinageng tša Asia le Afrika ba na le diteko tša phosethifi mola 5–10% ya batho ba ka United States ba na le diteko tša phosethifi tša tuberculin. Bolwetši bja mafahla ke kgale bo le gona mo bathong go tloga since dinako tša bogologolo.

Video summary (script)

Signs and symptoms

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The main symptoms of variants and stages of tuberculosis are given, with many symptoms overlapping with other variants, while others are more (but not entirely) specific for certain variants. Multiple variants may be present simultaneously.