View source for Nelson Mandela

{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific-prefix        = Motlhomphegi
| name                    = Nelson Mandela
| honorific-suffix        = [[Order of Mapungubwe|OMP]] {{postnominals|country=GBR|size=100%|RE|OM|AC|CC|OJ|GCStJ|QC}} [[Order of Prince Henry|GCIH]] [[Bharat Ratna|BR]]
| image                   = Nelson Mandela-2008 (edit).jpg
| imagesize               =
| alt                     = Nelson Mandela on the eve of his 90th birthday in [[Johannesburg]] in May 2008
| caption                 = Mandela kwa [[Johannesburg]], ka 13 Motsheganong 2008
| order                   =
| office                  = Mopresidente wa Afrika Borwa
| term_start              = 10 Motsheganong 1994
| term_end                = 14 Seetebosigo 1999
| alongside               = <!--For two or more people serving in the same position from the same district.  (e.g. United States Senators.)-->
| deputy                  = [[Thabo Mbeki]]<br>[[F. W. de Klerk]]
| predecessor             = F. W. de Klerk <br> <small>''ka [[State President of South Africa|Mopresidente wa Naga]]''</small>
| successor               = Thabo Mbeki
| birth_date              = 18 Phukwi 1918
| birth_place             = [[Mvezo]], [[Cape Province]], [[Union of South Africa]]
| death_date              = {{death date and age|2013|12|05|1918|7|18|df=yes}}
| death_place             = [[Johannesburg]], [[Gauteng]], [[Afrika Borwa]]
| restingplace            = Mandela Graveyard<br>[[Qunu]], [[Kapa Botlhaba]]
| restingplacecoordinates = {{Coord|31|48|21.8|S|28|36|52.7|E}}
| birthname               = Rolihlahla Mandela
| nationality             = Afrika Borwa
| party                   = [[African National Congress]]
| otherparty              = [[South African Communist Party]]
| spouse                  = {{unbulleted list|{{marriage|[[Evelyn Mase|Evelyn Ntoko Mase]]|5 October 1944|19 March 1958|reason=divorced}}|{{marriage|[[Winnie Madikizela-Mandela|Winnie Madikizela]]|14 June 1958|19 March 1996|reason=divorced}}|{{marriage|[[Graça Machel]]|18 July 1998|2013|reason=his death}}}}
| relations               =
| children                = {{plain list|
* Thembekile Mandela
* Makaziwe Mandela<!-- (1947–1948) -->
* [[Makgatho Mandela]]
* [[Makaziwe Mandela]]<!-- (born 1954) -->
* [[Zenani Mandela-Dlamini|Zenani Mandela]]
* [[Zindzi Mandela-Hlongwane|Zindziswa Mandela]]
}}
| parents                 =
| alma_mater              = {{plain list|
* [[University of Fort Hare]]
* [[University of London External Programme|UoL External Programme]]
* [[University of South Africa]]
* [[University of the Witwatersrand]]
}}
| occupation              = {{plain list|
* [[Activist]]
* [[Politician]]
* [[Philanthropy|Philanthropist]]
* [[Lawyer]]
}}
| profession              =
| cabinet                 =
| committees              =
| portfolio               =
| religion                = [[Methodist]]
| signature               = Nelson Mandela Signature.svg
| signature_alt           = Signature of Nelson Mandela
| website                 = www.nelsonmandela.org
| footnotes               =
| nickname                = Madiba<br>Tata<br>Dalibunga
| blank1                  = O tsebjwa ka
| data1                   = [[Internal resistance to South African apartheid|Anti-Apartheid Movement]]
| blank2                  = Awards
| data2                   = {{plain list|
* [[Sakharov Prize]] (1988)
* [[Bharat Ratna]] (1990)
* [[Nobel Peace Prize]] (1993)
* [[Order of Lenin]]
* [[Presidential Medal of Freedom]]
}}
| blank3                  = Ditiro tse di itsegeng
| data3                   = ''Long Walk to Freedom''
}}

[[Seswantšho:Nelson Mandela-2008 (edit).jpg|thumb|275x275px|Nelson Mandela |alt=Mandela ale Johannesburg, ka 13 May 2008]]

'''[[Nelson Mandela Bay Metropolitan Municipality|Nelson]] Rolihlahla Mandela''' (O belegwe [[Mosegamanye 18|18 Phukwe]][[1918]] - [[Manthole 5|5 Sedimonthole]] [[2013]]) o ne e le molwela tikologo le rra dipolotiki wa [[Afrika Borwa]]. O nnile mopresidente wa Afrika Borwa ngwageng wa 1994 go fihla ka ngwaga wa 1999. Ebe e le motho montsho wa pele wa go tlhopiwa go ba mopresidente morago ga tokologo. Mmuso wa gagwe o ile wa shulalanya kgethologoganyo eo e neng e lebane ke batho bantsho mo nageng ya Afrika Borwa, ka go lwantsha bodidi, kgethologano ka mmala le go tlhotlheletsa tekatekano. Dipolotiking o nnile moetapele wa mokgahlo wa [[African National Congress]] (ANC) go tloga 1991 go fihla 1997 gape e nnile moetapele le kago lefapa la Democratic socialist. Tsa boditshabatshaba, Mandela ebile mongwaledi mogolo wa Non-Aligned Movement gotloga ka 1998 gofihla ka 1999.

O belegwe lapeng la bogoshi ba AbaThembu, Mandela o tsene yunibesithi ya Fort Hare le yunibesithi ya Witwatersrand, moo a neng a e thutela dithuto tsa molao. Go duleng ga gagwe [[Johannesburg]], o ile a tsea karolo dipolotiking a lwantsha mmuso wa kgatelelo, a tsenela mokgahlo wa ANC a ba yo mongwe wa bahlomi ba mokgatlho wa baswa wa ANC. Morago ga mokgatlho wa maburu o seno hlongwa ngwageng wa 1948, Mandela o ile a simolola go itsege ka 1952 ka morago ga khampheini ya ANC yagoba kgahlanong le mmuso wa kgatelelo, O ile a tlhophiwa go nna tlhogo ya lefapa la Transvaal gape a ba tlhogo ya Congress of the people ngwageng wa 1955. Go dira ga gagwe jaanong ka ramolao o ile a ya ntlo lefitshwana ka ditatofatso tsa go menola mmuso yena le baetapele ba ANC, ka maswabi baile ba a tlholwa ka molato wago menola mmuso go tloga ngwageng wa 1956 go fihla 1961. Kago tlhotlheletsa ke Marxism o ile ka sephiring a tsenela lefapa la makomonisi a Afrika borwa (SACP) a fetsa e le o mongwe wa ba etapele ba SACP. Kwa tshimologong o ke kanne go gwanteng ntle le ntwa, ka perekisano le mokgatlho wa makomonisi a Afrika Borwa ba ile ba tlhoma Lerumo la setšhaba (Umkhonto we Sizwe) ka 1961, e le wago senyetsa mmuso wa kgatelelo. Ka ngwaga wa 1962, o ile a swarwa a latofatswa kago menola mmuso a romelwa kgolegong bophelo ka moka ka Rivonia Trial.

Pele  a tlhophiwa go nna moetapele wa Afrika Borwa, Nelson Mandela o be a katane le mmuso wa kgatelelo wa [[Afrika Borwa]] e le moetalapele wa African National Congress. Nelson Mandela o dutsi kgolegong mengwaga e masome pedi supa (27), bontshi ba mengwaga a le [[Robben Island]].

Nelson Mandela o tsebega jaaka ka tate wa setšhaba, moemedi wa tokologo, le tekano wa batho botlhe.

Nelson Mandela o tswile kgolegong ka 1990, moo a simolotseng go rera tshwarelano lego simolola dipoledisano go fedisa kgethololo [[Afrika Borwa]]. Nelson Mandela o fitlhetse difoka tse fetago lekgolo mengwageng, se segolo e leng [[Nobel Peace Prize]] ka 1993.

Mo bukung ya bana [http://www.education.gov.za/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=6wVQ7oNeiwU%3D&tabid=862&mid=2427 mo pukung ya bana] ba mo tlhaloseditseng ka mokgwa wo:

“Leina la ka ke Nelson Mandela. Ke nna Afrika Borwa, lefatshe le lebotse le le lego kua tlase ntlheng ya Afrika. Nna le wena re
nna Afrika-Borwa. Ke belegetswe motsaneng wa Mvezo kwa Kapabohlabela ka la 18, ka fao, ke mokgalabe lehono. Rre e ne e le kgosi. O ile a mpha leina la Rolihlahla, leo tlhaloso ya lona ka [[Sethosa]] e lego “ramathaithai”. Ke be ke sa le yo monnye, ke na le ngwe kgotsa pedi ge batswadi ba tloga kwa Qunu. Matsatsi a ka kwa Qunu a nnile a monate tota. Ge ke gola ke be ke disa dinku le dipudi tsa batswadi ba me.

Ke ne ke tshwameka le ditsala tsa me kwa masemong. Re be re thutha kwa dinokeng mme re ja todi ya mamepe eo re neng re a rafa diphagong tsa dinose. Ke ne ke tlhokomela ka metlha gore dinose di se ke tsa ntoma. Nkile ka leka go namela tonki. Tsotlhe di ne di lokile mme gwa senyega ge tonki e nwetsa ka ntshuthung ya meetlwa!

Ge ke na le mengwaga e le 7, rre o ile a romela kwa sekolong sa kereke. Ke nna motho wa ntlha ka lapeng la geno wa go tsena sekolo. Rre ga se a tsena sekolo. Re ne re swanetse go apara diaparo tse di bonagalang kwa sekolong, mme batsadi ba me ba be ba tlhoka sa bone e le tota gore ba ka rekela diaparo tsa sekolo. Rre o ile a tsaya borurukgwe wa gagwe ba kgale a bo sega mo matolong a re ke bo apare. Ke ne ke se na lepanta, ka fao rre a tsaya lenti a bofa borukgwe ka lona mo dinokeng. Le ge go le jalo, ke ne ke itumetse, ke itumelletse go apara borukgwe bo. Kwa sekolong, morutabana a nneya leina la Nelson. Nagana fela o fiwa leina le lefsa o setse o na le mengwaga e 7 ke ne ke nna ke itumetse ge ke le kwa sekolong le ge ke le kwa gae. Mme o ne a fela a nkanegela dinonwane, gomme ka ithuta dilo tse dintsi mo dinonwaneng tsa gagwe. O rutile gore ke nne ke ikokobetsa le go ba le tlotlo mo bathong. Rre ena o rutile go ba bogale. Ke ne ke nyaka go ba bogale jalo ka yena. Ke ne ke nyaka go swana le ena. Ke ne ke itshela ka melora mo tlhogong gore moriri wa ka o nne yo mopududu jalo ka wa gagwe. Ke ne ke rata Rre.

Fela ka morago ga go nna le mengwaga e 9, bophelo jwa me bo ne ba fetoga ka gonne Rre o ne a tlhokagala. Ke ne ka tshwanela ke go phutha dilo tsa me tse mmalwa gomme ka tloga le mme ra ya lagaeng le lefsa. Go ne go le botlhoko mo go nna go tloga Qunu. Ke ile ka retologa, ka lebelela morago go bona legae la geno le lethabo leo ke neng ke le tlogela kwa morago. Ke ile ka yo nna le Malome Jongi kua Mqhekezweni motseng wa kgauswi. O ne e le mokgotse yo mogolo wa rre. Ke ne ke tlhologela Qunu le balapa bao ba setsego, fela bophelo jwa me  le Malome Jongi e ne e le jo monate thata. Ke ne ke tshameka le morwa wa gagwe, Justice, gomme re ratana thata. Re ne re namela dipere, re soma ka tshengwaneng, re tshameka ka masemong a matalana e bile re thutha ka nokeng. Malome o ne a ntshwere jalo ka ngwana wa gagwe.

Ke ne ka tsena sekolo sa kgauswi. Ge ke le mengwaga e 16 Malome Jongi o ne a romela kwa Sekolong sa [[Clarkebury]]. Go tshwanale rre, malome le ena o ne a dumela gore thuto e botlhokwa. Ka morago ga mengwaga ee 16 ke ile ka ya kwa Sekolong sa Maemo a kwa godimo sa [[Healdtown]]. Ke ne ke dira ka thata le botswerere kwa sekolong. Ke itse go fetsa sekolo ka ya Yunibesithing ya Fort Hare. Ka nako eo ke ne ke na le mengwaga e 21.

Ge ke ne ke na le mengwaga e 16, Malome Jongi o ile a romela kwa sekolong sa Clarkebury. Go tshwana le rre, malome o ne a dumela gore thuto e botlhokwa thata. Clarkebury e ne e le botsana e sa tshwane le Mqhekezweni. Sekolo sa gona se ne se agilwe ka setlhopa sa meago ya sekoloneale e masomepedinne.

Ka letsatsi la ntlha la dithuto ke ne ka bona diputsu tsa me tse ntsha. Ge ke tsena ka phaposiborutelo diputsu tsa me tsa me di ne di a thelela mo lebating le le phadimang la go dirwa ka kota, ka bona basetsana ba babedi ba ba ntseng kwa pele ba lebelletse mosepelo wa me wa manyeme ba fedile ka ditshego. Ke ne ka napa ka itse yo mongwe wa basetsana bao gomme a ba mogwera wa ka yo botlhokwa kwa Clarkebury.

Ke ne  ka tlwaela bophelo jwa Clarkebury. Ke ne ke tshameka dipapadi tse dintsinyana, gomme bokgoni jwa me bo ne bo le mo  magareng. Bontsi jwa baithutikanna ba ne ba ntshiya mo lepatlelong. Ke ne ke tshwanetse go ithuta ke babaletse gore ke fitlhe mo ba leng teng.

Kwa morago ga go thoma ka go fokola ke ne ka kgona go oketsa tswelopele ya me, gomme ka tswelela mo Fomong ya boraro (Mphato wa 10) ka mengwaga e mebedi sebakeng sa e meraro. Ke ne ke swara ka pela: thereso ke gore ke be ke dira ka thata. Ge ke le bogolo jwa mengwaga ye 21, ke ne ka yo ithuta kua Yunibesithi ya Fort Hare. 

Ge ke ne ke sa le mosimanyana, ke ne ke nna motseng wa [[Qunu]]. Re ne re na le melatswana e e tlhwekilego le dithaba tse ditala. Dinku, dipudi le dikgomo di ne di fula fela mo motseng. Go ne go se na ditsela tsa dikoloi. Go ne go na le ditsejana tsa maoto fela. Re be re nna mo dintlong tsa go bopwa ka mmu. Re ne re na le mengwakwana e meraro. Yo mongwe e le wa go apeela, yo mongwe e le wa go robala gomme yo mongwe e le wa go bolokela dilo. Re ne re kga metsi kwa nokeng. Mme o ne a apeya ka pitsa ya maoto a mararo. Re ne re ja setampa se se tlhakantsweng le dinawa seo se biding “umngqusho” ka Sethosa. Maswi e ne e le a mantsi thata. E ne e le a dipudi le a dikgomo.

Ge ke le yo mogolwanyana ke ne ka ya go nna kwa [[Gauteng]] (Johannesburg). Gona kwa ke ne ka nna Alekesanta (re ne re e bitsa Alex, ge re e khutsofatsa). Ke ne ka makatswa ke bogolo jwa Johannesburg. Bophelo jwa gona bo ne bo sa tshwana le jwa Kapabohlabela. Moya wa teng o ne o tshilafetse ka lebaka la musi. Go ne go le kotsi thata go tsamaya bosigo. Batho ba ne ba nna mo dintlong tse dinnye tsa khutlonne tsa go tshwana le mapokisi a mankgwari. Re ne re se na motlakase kgotsa le metsi a pompong.

Go mme seo ke neng ke se rata ka Alex ke gore batho ba teng ba ne ba tswa mafelong a go farogoganeng. Botlhe ba bona ba ne ba bolela maleme a go farologaneng. Bangwe ba ne ba bolela [[Sezulu]], [[Sesotho]], [[Sepedi]] le [[Setsonga]]. Le ge Alex e ne e tshwane le kudu le Qunu, ke ne ke nna ga monate.

== Thuto go tswa tonking ==
Leetotelele Go Ya Tokologong – Boitaodišphelo jwa Nelson Mandela – Letlakala 8 & 9. E fetoletswe Sesothong sa Leboa ke Maje S Serudu.

Ke ne ka ithuta thuto tsatsi le lengwe ka tonki ya legwaragwara. Re be re sielana ka go e namela le go e fologa mme ge sebaka sa ka se fitlha ke ne ka e tsokama mme tonki ya ragoga ka la mmutla e lebile thwii setlhareng  sa metlhareya meetlwa. E ne ya inamisa tlhogo e leka go nkotola, e ne ya a tlega, mme e sego pele ga ge meetlwa e ntlhaba le go ngwapa sefatlhego sa me, e nkgobosa pele ga ditsala tsa me. Batho ka Botlhqbela, Maafrika ba na le moyo yo o tlhabologileng ka mesogofela wa seriti go nne seo Matshaena a se bitsang 'Sefatlhego'. Ke be ke gobogile pele ga ditsala tsa me. Le ge ke ne ke wisitswe ke tonki, ke ne ka ithuta gore: go gobosa motho yo mongwe ke go dira gore a utlwi botlhoko jo bo sa batlegeng. Le ge ke ne ke sa le mosimane, ke ne ke fenya ditsala tsa me ka ntle le go ba gobisa.

Mo mafelelo a tsekiso ya gagwe Mandela o boletse ka mokgwa yo:
"Bophelong jwa me  ke ikgafetse go katano ya batho ba geno ba Maafrika. Ke lwele kgatlhanong le kgatelelong ya Makgowa, mme gape ke lwele kgatlhanong le kgatelelong ya Bathobaso. Ke ne ke fisegela kgopolo ya setšhaba sa temokrasi se se lokologileng, seo ka go sona batho botlhe ba phelago ka kwano mme ba na le dibaka tsa go lekana. Ke kgopolo eo ke tshepang gore ke tla e phelela le go e fitlhelela. Fela ga go batlege, ke kgopolo eo ke ikemiseditsego go e gwela."

Leetotelele Go Ya Tokologong, Letlakala 325, Nelson Mandela.

[[Setensele:Afrika Borwa]]